China's imports of chipmaking equipment from Malaysia and Singapore rose sharply in 2025 to surpass those from the US, which sank to an eight-year low, an analysis by Nikkei Asia has found - even as American companies remain a vital source of advanced tools for the country.
While the Netherlands and Japan remain China's primary foreign sources of critical semiconductor manufacturing machines by shipment origin, imports from the two Southeast Asian countries reached record levels: $5.7 billion for Singapore, up more than 17% year over year, and $3.4 billion for Malaysia, more than double the 2024 figure.
Direct imports from the US, meanwhile, declined more than 34% to about $2 billion, the lowest level since 2017, according to Chinese customs data. The decline was to be expected following President Trump's return to the White House, as he sharply limited access of US semiconductors to China, although tensions began earlier. Since Trump's first term and during the subsequent Biden administration, the US has raised tariffs and imposed fresh export controls aimed at slowing China's advances in chipmaking technologies for defense, space and artificial intelligence applications.
Despite the decline, the Chinese market remained a critical revenue source for leading US chip equipment makers last year. Applied Materials, Lam Research and KLA all earned more than 30% of their total sales from China in fiscal 2025.
Charles Shi, a veteran semiconductor analyst with Needham & Co., told Nikkei Asia that the uptick in China's imports from Southeast Asia is mainly due to the large number of U.S. chip equipment makers expanding manufacturing capacity in the region to better serve non-U.S. clients.
"Lam Research is building significant manufacturing capacity in Malaysia as they work to meet growing equipment demand beyond what their U.S. manufacturing capacity can serve," Shi said. "Singapore has been a popular destination for [the] U.S. equipment industry to go overseas. For example, both Applied Materials and KLA have been manufacturing in Singapore."
The three top U.S. chip tool makers generated nearly $19 billion in combined revenue from China in fiscal 2025, significantly exceeding figures implied by customs data based on where shipments originated from and underscoring the effectiveness of American vendors' production diversification strategies. Nikkei Asia first reported their production shift toward Southeast Asia in early 2023.
For ASML of the Netherlands, China's share of revenue came to 29.1% in 2025, while the figure for top Japanese chip tool maker Tokyo Electron was more than 40% for fiscal 2025.
Anticipating major chip wars, over the course of 2020 to 2025, China's accumulated chip tool imports from Japan reached more than $42 billion, followed by the Netherlands' $35 billion . Japan is home to many top chip equipment makers such as Tokyo Electron, Screen Semiconductor Solutions and Ebara, while the Netherlands has the world's largest chip equipment maker, ASML, as well as key suppliers such as ASM, an atomic-level deposition tool specialist, and Besi, a maker of advanced chip packaging tools.
Meanwhile, China's domestic chipmaking equipment makers are experiencing a once-in-a-generation surge in growth, driven by Beijing's push to foster homegrown tools and reduce reliance on foreign technologies. Top suppliers all reported record revenue and profits for 2025, led by Naura, Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment Inc. China (AMEC), ACM Research and Piotech.
Naura, China's answer to Applied Materials, has seen its revenue balloon from 6.05 billion yuan ($887 million) in 2020 to 27.14 billion yuan in the first three quarters of 2025. Revenue for AMEC skyrocketed more than 400% from 2020 to 2025. Piotech, a thin-film deposition chip tool specialist, has seen its revenue grow 13 times between 2020 and 2025.
Shi of Needham said China has made good progress in fostering local chip tool makers, but internal competition is intensifying. "While leading domestic equipment companies are still posting strong revenue growth, there are indications that their margin performance is deteriorating," Shi said of Chinese chipmaking companies. "We believe intensifying domestic competition might have forced domestic equipment companies to 'race to the bottom' by undercutting each other's prices."
With China's equipment suppliers becoming more competitive in recent years, US policymakers are seeking to further close loopholes in export rules. In April, bipartisan lawmakers introduced the MATCH Act, which calls on "multilateral allies" to coordinate more closely in aligning and tightening export restrictions across key segments of the chipmaking equipment industry. These measures would further target critical "chokepoint" components and machinery, as well as shipments to leading Chinese memory and logic chipmakers, including CXMT, YMTC, SMIC and Hua Hong.
"Chinese tool companies on the Entity List are unable to get access to U.S. parts, but there are many parts that Europe and Japan can backfill, and that's the conundrum that we find ourselves in today," Kevin Kurland, a former official at the U.S. Department of Commerce and current senior advisor at Beacon Global Strategies, told Nikkei Asia. "If controls don't get aligned multilaterally with allies, U.S. controls can undercut American companies' competitiveness while allowing Chinese companies to continue to function and operate - a lose-lose outcome.
Alex Rubin, a former CIA China analyst and visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution, told Nikkei Asia that "component export controls definitely make sense."
"It's very similar to what we are seeing in commercial aviation: China is assembling the finished C919 aircraft, but is sourcing parts from U.S. and European suppliers. Chinese companies are trying to compete with Boeing and Airbus, while sourcing from a similar supply chain," Rubin said.
While China is still massively sourcing foreign chip tools, its ultimate goal is self sufficiency, industry sources say.
While durability, reliability and performance may not be at the same level, "for every foreign chipmaking tool, material and component you can think of, you could find Chinese versions," said an executive with a Taiwanese chipmaking tool who participated in the Semicon China industry event in late March. "Chinese chipmakers will continue to buy foreign solutions while they can, but there's no doubt about the country's will to increase the use of homegrown suppliers."
"China is adopting a two-way approach: developing homegrown tools while continuing to purchase foreign equipment whenever possible. Since imported tools often offer better performance, they are still buying aggressively -- and even repurposing consumable parts from one piece of equipment to repair other chipmaking machines," another chip industry executive with knowledge of the matter told Nikkei Asia.
A third executive with a Chinese chipmaking tool supplier told Nikkei Asia that the aggressive expansion plans by Chinese logic and memory chipmakers have given local vendors more opportunities to break into and secure a position in the domestic supply chain.
Nikkei Asia was the first to report that Chinese top chipmakers led by SMIC, Hua Hong and Huawei-linked chipmakers are aiming to aggressively expand advanced chip production capacity, including on the performance level of 7-nanometer or even 5-nm technologies, to support the rise of domestic AI chip developers. Meanwhile, top Chinese memory chip producers CXMT and YMTC are launching their largest expansions in response to the unprecedented global memory crunch amid the AI boom, Nikkei revealed in early February.
American allies such as the Netherlands and Japan have already introduced rules to align with U.S. export controls, but policymakers in Washington feel those restrictions are still much too loose. The U.S. has imposed multiple rounds of regulation on exports to China and has added many leading Chinese chip equipment suppliers and chipmakers to its Entity List.
The MATCH Act, if passed, could further limit global vendors' ability to supply critical tech to China. The bill targets some older - though still critical - generations of chipmaking machines as well as components, both of which can be chokepoints for China's efforts to build up its domestic chip industry. Introduced in early April, the bill still needs to go through the legislative process, and it remains unclear how the Netherlands, Japan and other countries would respond to any diplomatic pressure to comply. For example, only ASML in the Netherlands and Canon and Nikon in Japan can produce commercially viable lithography machines -- an area where China continues to face significant challenges.
Tyler Durden Wed, 04/22/2026 - 02:45Authored by Steve Watson via Modernity.news,
Huge queues of migrants continue to snake through Spanish cities this week as Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez’s socialist government opened the floodgates on its controversial mass regularization program. Applications for legal status and work permits kicked off last Thursday following cabinet approval, and the scenes unfolding in Barcelona, Zaragoza, Sevilla and beyond confirm the worst fears of those who warned this amnesty would break the system.
It is the direct result of the chaos already documented after Sánchez rammed through his plan to legalize half a million undocumented migrants already inside the country. As thousands swarmed consulates and offices demanding paperwork, the very public services Spaniards rely on are now buckling under the pressure.
In Barcelona, Pakistani migrants rushed the consulate for criminal record certificates required under the scheme.
SPAIN: Pakistani migrants are rushing to the consulate in Barcelona for their paperwork, as the government plans to regularize 500,000 illegals.
Notice they are all military-aged men, no women or children. They will soon be able to move freely across Europe. This won’t end well. pic.twitter.com/tSepsIqY55
Miles de pakistaníes después de ser regularizados por Pedro Sánchez se van a la oficina de servicios sociales del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona?? para coger el certificado de vulnerabilidad y tener derecho a casa gratis y el IMV
Todo esto pagado por ti por supuesto. pic.twitter.com/EWtILqPBcE
Footage from Zaragoza showed similar crowds overwhelming local offices:
???Footage from Spain's Zaragoza as thousands of migrants rush to be legalized.
The VOX party: "Total collapse of the City Council in the face of the avalanche of illegal immigrants who want to take advantage of Sánchez's regularization."pic.twitter.com/OISJ1gsyXs
In Valencia the lines were massive:
?? Así son las kilométricas que colapsan el centro de Valencia por la regularización masiva de Sánchez. pic.twitter.com/SjyUctmL0I
— okdiario.com (@okdiario) April 20, 2026In Sevilla, VOX candidate Manuel Gavira posted video of long lines outside city hall and delivered a stark warning: “These are the lines in Seville to manage mass regularization. What you see here today… tomorrow you’ll see it in the clinics, in social assistance, in housing, and in all public services. It’s called collapse. And it has already begun.”
Estas son las colas en Sevilla para gestionar la regularización masiva.
Lo que hoy ves aquí… mañana lo verás en los ambulatorios, en las ayudas sociales, en la vivienda y en todos los servicios públicos.
Se llama colapso. Y ya ha empezado. pic.twitter.com/4rrHZUVDGs
The Daily Mail reports that migrants are camping overnight outside registry offices and shopping-mall centers in Catalunya, Andalucia and Asturias. One Colombian in Barcelona told reporters he arrived at 10 or 11pm and waited 15 hours. A Honduran migrant who slept on the floor said, “A very large group of people almost trampled me… We risked our lives, but it will be worth it.”
Spain throws open its doors to undocumented migrants: Huge queues continue to form after socialist government granted citizenship to 500,000 people https://t.co/2kaUvoPqlr
— Daily Mail (@DailyMail) April 20, 2026Sánchez himself defended the move in a public letter, claiming it was both moral and economic: “Spain is ageing… Without more people working and contributing to the economy, our prosperity slows, and our public services suffer.”
In every city in Spain there are lines of invaders to whom Pedro Sanchez has promised identity documents to regulate them. Pedro Sanchez, public enemy number one of Europeans. pic.twitter.com/k1Mo3Kpa2u
— RadioGenoa (@RadioGenoa) April 17, 2026Yet critics point out the obvious: Spain already has roughly 840,000 undocumented migrants and a foreign-born population nearing 10 million out of 50 million total. Ninety percent of new jobs have gone to immigrants while native Spaniards face housing shortages and strained services. Legalizing another half-million without fixing those problems only accelerates the breakdown.
The nationalist VOX Party has labeled the policy an “invasion” that “attacks our identity” and has vowed to challenge it in the Supreme Court. Meanwhile, immigration officers are threatening to strike over lack of resources. Local councils are already talking about early closures because the system cannot cope.
Just days before the avalanche of applications began, legal challengers warned that Sánchez’s mass amnesty could still be stopped. A conservative group, Hazte Oír, successfully petitioned the Spanish Supreme Court to review the controversial Royal Decree used to bypass parliament. The court has given the government a non-extendable 20-day deadline to hand over all files, raising the real possibility of a precautionary suspension that would freeze the entire legalization process.
Hazte Oír argued the decree creates “irreparable damage” by granting residence, work permits, Social Security registration, access to benefits and the suspension of expulsion orders to hundreds of thousands of people — changes that would be almost impossible to reverse even if the court later rules the shortcut illegal.
The group stressed that the measure “structurally alters the State’s immigration policy, with direct and lasting effects” on the labour market, public benefits system, municipal registry, “and, in the medium term, the electoral roll.”
Lawyer Javier María Pérez-Roldán warned: “Massive regularization without planning directly impacts the saturation of essential public services (educational and social), affecting the collective interests that this association defends.”
VOX leader Santiago Abascal had already sounded the alarm as the first queues formed: “These are the lines to manage mass regularization in each municipality of Spain. Tomorrow this chaos will move to the centres of health, to the social services, to the real estate agencies… It’s called thirdworldization. It’s already happening. Our priority is to reverse it, radically.”
The scenes unfolding this week prove Abascal correct: the chaos has already begun. If the Supreme Court does not intervene quickly, Spain will have crossed a point of no return — handing EU-wide freedom of movement to half a million undocumented migrants while its own public services buckle.
The pattern is unmistakable. Sánchez’s progressive coalition ignores the strain on housing, healthcare, schools and welfare while fast-tracking residency permits that will let recipients work legally and eventually travel freely throughout Europe in Schengen. Once again, Spanish citizens are told to accept lower wages, longer waits and cultural transformation in the name of “diversity” and GDP growth that never seems to reach the native population.
Spain is not alone in Europe, but it stands out for doubling down while neighbors tighten borders. The queues in Barcelona, Zaragoza and Sevilla are not a one-off photo opportunity. They are the visible symptom of a policy that prioritizes outsiders over citizens and votes over sovereignty. As VOX has warned, the collapse has already begun. Spaniards who value their country, their culture and their children’s future have been put on notice.
The rest of the West should watch closely. When governments treat borders as suggestions and citizens as afterthoughts, the consequences arrive faster than any press release can spin them.
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Tyler Durden Wed, 04/22/2026 - 02:00